The man who made the Internet possible

by Borepatch in Borepatch on 2026-10-03T19:44:51Z

Divemedic has been geeking out about home network stuff which has been a bit of a walk down memory lane - I once had a supervisor who turned down my request for a 2400 baud modem "because you can't read that fast".  You see, at 1200 baud, a text file comes down at around one line per second, and a fast reader can read that fast.  Sorry, Borepatch, no speed for you.

And quite frankly, nobody in the late 1980s got much speed.  We had big VAX computers and the standard wisdom was that "You'll never get more than a megabit per second out of TCP/IP".  And it was standard wisdom because nobody did.

Enter a fellow named Van Jacobson.  He looked at the source code for popular TCP stacks and decided that it could be improved.  WAY improved.  TCP wasn't implemented in the operating system, as an OS service; rather, it was implemented in a user application.  The problem with this, thought Jacobson, was that every time you wanted to send a packet the OS had to do a context switch to let the (user-land) data structure containing the packet go to the OS kernel.

Jacobson thought this was stupid, and that networking should be the job of the OS.  He hacked IP into the Unix kernel and all of a sudden not only were you getting more than a megabit from TCP, a single Sun Workstation could saturate a 10 Mbps Ethernet.

IBM basically said that this was because Ethernet was stupid and primitive, and IBM's Token Ring network enforced bandwidth sharing.

Enter Jacobson again.  He defined a mechanism called "Slow Start" which he added to his hacked TCP code. Basically, whenever you started to send data, you would start slowly and increase the speed gradually until you hit congestion.  What he found was that not only would his Sun workstation saturate a 10 Mbps Ethernet, but 5 or 6 Sun workstations would saturate that same network while gracefully sharing the network between them.

So why do I say that he made the Internet possible?  Imagine a bandwidth-constrained Internet - constrained either because Internet Protocol was too slow or because more powerful computers hogged all the bandwidth.  There would be no Tik-Tok, no Youtube, no Netflix, no Zoom.

And it instantly made Sun Microsystems into the Ferrari of computers.  As Networking took off, Digital Equipment Corporation couldn't compete with lower cost workstations that were much, much faster.  That was it for VAXen, and for IBM's Token Ring, and for ISO's Open Systems Interconnect protocols, and for Asynchronous Transfer Mode.  The problems that these technologies were designed to solve were suddenly obsolete.

All because of Van Jacobson.

Not many people remember this time of massive upheaval, but we all owe Jacobson a huge thank you. 

 “Tis better people think you a fool, then open your mouth and erase all doubt.”

10/15/20 NBC San Diego:

Students will no longer be graded based on a yearly average, or on how late they turn in assignments. Those are just some of the major grading changes approved this week by California's second-largest school district.

The San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD) is overhauling the way it grades students. Board members say the changes are part of a larger effort to combat racism.

“This is part of our honest reckoning as a school district,” says SDUSD Vice President Richard Barrera. “If we’re actually going to be an anti-racist school district, we have to confront practices like this that have gone on for years and years.”

According to data presented by the district, under the old grading system, teachers fail minority students more than White students – a lot more.

During the first semester of last year, 30% of all D or F grades were given to English learners. One in four, 25%, of failing marks went to students with disabilities.

By ethnicity, 23% went to Native Americans. Another 23% of failing grades went to Hispanics. And 20% of D or F grades went to Black students.

By comparison, just 7% of failing marks went to White students.

Because turning papers on time is so white. 

 ROOT BEER IN GRANNY’S BATHTUB

 by Carolyn Cramer Goldwasser Oct. 1, 2026

 Yes, I got to help my Granny Annie Langley Naylor make and bottle root beer. I was 8 years old in 1950 and she was 65 years old. She did things in an old fashioned (even for then) kind of way. Her cook stove was a huge cast iron, woodburning stove, (meaning the heat to cook on the top and in the oven came from pieces of wood burning inside one end of it). Out of the top of the other end of it rose a curved shiny metal smokestack that fitted tightly into a hole in the actual brick chimney, thru the kitchen side of the wall. Next to the smokestack was a cast iron shelf on which a very big tea kettle sat, keeping water hot.

 On the living room side of the wall, there was a heater which burned “fuel-oil”.  It was about two feet away from the wall and it had a similar smoke- stack that fitted into a hole on the other side of the same chimney. All the smoke and fumes from both stoves went out of the brick chimney (which extended several feet above the top of the roof) up into the sky.

 I don’t think there was a separate water heater in that house. But there was plumbing, and cold water would flow into the kitchen sink, bathroom sink, and bathtub. The water in the kettle above the cook stove was always hot, so granny would grab it and pour some hot water into the cold water in the tub to warm it up enough for us kids to take a bath. Only on Saturday nights we got baths. Other times we washed in the sink, with less water.

 So how did we make Root Beer? First, you save the glass soda bottles from last year. Then you gather or buy roots (from which the name root beer comes). Wintergreen is the only root I remember granny naming, but it seemed to me there were several different kinds of roots involved.  She roasted and boiled the roots to make a dark brown liquid in a giant pot. Then she added a big bag of sugar and boiled it some more.

 She did tell me how they had dug and roasted chicory roots to make “coffee” during the Depression – chicory is bitter, and so is dandelion root, which they may have used for the root beer as well as for the “coffee.”

 So, then the bathtub was scrubbed clean and rinsed well.  The stopper was securely put in place and several gallons of the dark brown, warm sweet liquid were poured into the tub to ferment for a week or so.  She stirred it every day watching for bubbles to form when it was ready. The root beer got the bathtub. It was summertime, warm weather, no school, no baths. Warm weather all day and all night was needed for the fermentation to proceed properly. So we made root beer in summer.

 Next step: last year’s glass bottles were put in the giant pot covered with water and slowly brought to a boil, to be sterilized.  They then cooled, in the water. A funnel and a ladlecargol helped us fill the sterile bottles, as we sat on thick towels on the bathroom floor.

 We moved to the kitchen table and the heavy steel bottle capping tool was brought out, as were the many thin discs of soft metal that would become lids for the bottles.

 The bottling tool worked with a handle on a lever, which we older kids could pull down, to exert force onto the top of the metal disc, which we had set on top of the full bottle; the bottle was held securely in place below the lever, by a clamp, which was a part of the boxy form of the tool.  The soft, thin metal disc was forced over the top of the bottle, bending into a bunch of evenly spaced little crimps around the edges, holding it securely onto the top of the bottle, keeping the liquid and the bubbles inside for many months. 

 Root beer has no alcohol content. It is bitter and sweet and fizzy and it was considered healthier than regular beer with alcohol in it. And kids could drink it!  My grandparents were members of the Salvation Army and were against alcohol. My mother was an officer in the Salvation Army before she married my father. There were no alcoholic beverages in our house, ever.

 I think it is not a coincidence that after I was grown and married with kids, I studied and learned to make several kinds of fermented foods: including Kosher dill pickles (lots of bubbles, sour but without vinegar – just salt, garlic, dill and cucumbers), sourdough bread, raising without yeast; and Amasake, a drink. 

 Amasake is made from whole grain glutinous rice cooked soft, with extra water, and then fermented with koji (a fermentation starter), in a warm oven, for a couple of days, just long enough to let the starches (carbohydrates) in the rice chemically change into sugars. It gets stirred from time to time. The fermentation breaks down the skin of the whole grain, and it gets mushy and sweet. It can have a similar taste and consistency to a milkshake if it is pureed and chilled. I helped some macrobiotic folks at the Grainaissance mochi factory, near Berkeley, make amazake to sell, flavored with cooked fruits and nut butters. Yes, a good substitute for milk shake.

 Quickly stopping the fermentation (by boiling it) prevents the sugars from progressing to become alcohols. “Amasake” means Sweet Sake. If you let it ferment past sugars, then you have regular Sake – the Japanese alcoholic drink. 

 Miso and soy sauce are made with soybeans and grain, fermented in the presence of salt, which controls the fermentation.  The soy proteins become more accessible, being already partially digested by the fermentation process. Not just a flavoring, but they are good high protein foods. And they are an important part of a vegan macrobiotic diet.

 Miso and soy sauce are dark brown, like root beer. And here I am, many decades later, still involved with dark brown fermented foods!  Yesterday, I cooked my breakfast soup with miso in it. Today I flavored my breakfast porridge with a splash of soy sauce.  Thanks, Granny for teaching me how to cook and how to grow food in your garden. And for saying grace before every meal: “Bless this food to our bodies and make us grateful, teach us how to be kind and to help each other. Amen.”

 

 

 

Have You Seen This Joke?

by Clayton Cramer in Clayton Cramer. on 2026-10-03T13:11:37Z

Only in Los Angeles can you go into night court and see someone charged with human sacrifice without the proper permit?

I think my memory says Fred Clark, 1940s.
It’s beginning to feel a bit like fall. The screened porch is cool, but the heaters aren’t needed yet. Evening smoking sessions are enjoyable, as long as I don’t think too much about the winter that will follow this pleasant period.

For a cooler weather after-dinner smoke, I grabbed a Montecristo Espada Conquistador Ricasso. This addition to the Espada line was introduced in June 2026. I added some to the humidor only about six weeks ago, but figured that was enough rest time to light one up.



Expecting a sweeter, medium-bodied profile from the Nicaraguan puro, I poured some Knob Creek 12 Year Bourbon for its oaky flavor and easy-sipping profile.

The Montecristo Espada Conquistador Ricasso is a 5 x 54 Robusto with a deep brown Jalapa leaf wrapper. The binder hails from Ometepe, while the filler tobaccos come from Condega and Estelí. The cigars are manufactured by Plasencia Cigars.

The cigar is decorated with three bands, which frankly look quite nice but essentially hide the cigar. Once the paper coverings are removed, the glossy, smooth wrapper is revealed.



The initial flavors are more muted than expected. Dry earth and woody notes are accompanied by just a touch of pepper on the finish. As the smoke progresses toward the midsection, toasted bread and some dark cocoa come into play, with a bit more spice added to the mix.

The Knob Creek 12 Year Bourbon is a bottle I’ve been sipping slowly for a couple of years. At a reasonable 100 proof, the bourbon has a substantial dry oak and roasted character. Vanilla, caramel, and baking spice provide some balance.

The oak-forward character of the bourbon worked well with the dry, woody character of the cigar. The profiles of both remained well balanced. While the cigar stayed generally in the dry-earth realm, the bourbon’s oak lifted the pairing. As the cigar’s toasted flavors gained prominence, the bourbon’s mild spice finish helped maintain that balance.



Only toward the end of the smoke did the cigar seem to lose its character. The finish became flat, reminding me of dry leaves. The cigar exhibited a lopsided burn along the same side throughout, which I touched up frequently in an attempt to maintain an even burn. I did not do this as the cigar got shorter, which may have contributed to the more muted finish. Perhaps with more time in the humidor, the remaining sticks will offer a different experience.

Despite the lackluster ending, I found the combination of Knob Creek 12 Year Bourbon and the Montecristo Espada Conquistador Ricasso enjoyable. The two exhibited similar profiles, with a pleasing woody character throughout. Inducing thoughts of earth, wood, and fallen leaves, it made for a fitting fall pairing.

Cheers!


[ This content originated at Musings Over a Barrel ]

Very Odd

by Joe in The View From North Central Idaho on 2026-10-03T13:00:00Z

Quote of the Day Many declining churches don’t adapt. Its leaders don’t demand change, and its members don’t pursue it until it’s too late. Doblmeier, an award-winning filmmaker who has been making documentaries about faith for decades, thinks he knows … Continue reading →

This Should Start Impacting Gas Prices Soon

by Clayton Cramer in Clayton Cramer. on 2026-10-03T12:40:41Z

10/3/26 BBC reports that oil exports from Persian Gulf are back to 92% of pre-war levels through combination of pipelines around Hormuz and U.S. escorts of tankers. 

Meme Dump!

by Tam in View From The Porch on 2026-10-03T11:31:20Z




Saturday Meme Drop 10-3-26

by Midwest Chick in Midwest Chick's Place on 2026-10-03T10:30:00Z

Machining Nerd Time

by Clayton Cramer in Clayton Cramer. on 2026-10-03T01:01:08Z

 As I have previously discussed, the core of all machine tools is a 20 threads/inch leadscrew. One turn of the screw is 0.50". If you can narrow that down to 100 divisions, you can easily move pieces on that lead screw .01". This is beginning to get accurate for mildly precise work. But how do divide a circles into 100 equal divisions. Think back to the suffering of high school geometry. Dividing a circle in half is just drawing a line across the center point. Another diameter that crosses the center point gets you 4 divisions of 90 degrees. How do you get to 100 divisions? Even more useful, 360 divisions? I often think about having to rebuild civilization even without a 20 threads/inch screw thread. (Okay, not on your list of concerns.)

How do you get this capability if you lack a starting reference for 360 degrees. This has been bugging me for years. This video explains how it was done.

Short answer is that you use a worm gear to turn a wheel with a 40:1 gear ratio. Forty turns of the worm gear did one full rotation. One rotation was 9 degrees. Keep increasing the worm gear ratio to get finer divisions. The rotating table that I use with my Sherline mill uses this technique to get 0.1 degree divisions. Actually with some interpolation better than that!

When I was young, my father taught me how to use a caliper with a Vernier scale. I learned and forgot. Digital calipers are too easy to use and cheap, too! But how do they work? I have a slight inkling from using a Foucault tester for making a telescope mirror. It used a nomograph for allowing measurement of hundredths of an inch of movement. You make a nomograph by drawing a series of lines .1" apart in the X direction. Then you draw diagonal lines from left side of 0" to right side of .1". Now measure 1" wide line with .1" divisions on 0" line. Now draw lines from each .1" division to the last line along Y. 

This is an oversimplified version, not done very well using OpenOffice Draw:

Where the objects sits as you reach the point where the mirror edge exactly shows a proper paraboloid image, you look at where the knife edge intersects the diagonal. The magic of the Foucault tester is that a very simple set of parts lets you measure optical precision to millionths of an inch.

This video explains the math and history of the vernier scale:


I find myself wondering about use of vernier scales for angles (for which Vernier first developed the idea). Equatorial telescope mounts have an adjustment for the polar axis, which needs to be aimed at your latitude above the horizon in order track across the sky.


As you can sort of see, the degree divisions are necessarily not very fine. On smaller, cheap mounts, you are lucky to get 2 degree divisions. A vernier scale should make this much more precise, more precise than it really needs to be.


We are pleased to share this interesting, short, and provocative analysis by the “friend of a friend,” ~ J.D.R.Hawkins. He published this online some time ago, but it has valuable lessons one hundred and sixty-five years after the events he … Continue reading →

Why People Love The Smith & Wesson 5906

by Matt E in The Firearm Blog on 2026-10-03T00:00:00Z

There is a growing roar for Smith & Wesson to bring back the 3rd generation of metal-framed pistols, with a particular interest in the classic 5906 series. The classic non-railed versions were discontinued back in 1999, with the railed versions discontinued back in 2004. So after 20 years, why are people constantly yelling at the Smith & Wesson marketing team online to bring back the classic metal-framed line of handguns? Are we remembering them with rose colored glasses when they were a disaster? Let's take a closer look at why people love the Smith & Wesson 5906 handguns.
This Photo of the Day has a lot going on, just the way we like it. Some training days need more real estate than others. During a Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure exercise at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia, the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit turned the surrounding sea and airspace into one crowded stage.
Like so many hunting calibers of the 20th century, particularly in the sub-30 caliber segment, the .243 Winchester is a descendant of wildcatter experimentation. As early as the 1940s, Warren Page was experimenting with .243-caliber rounds, and when the Winchester .308 was released in the early 1950s, he necked down the case, jammed a quarter-bore bullet in there, and wrote it up in magazine articles. Winchester realized the benefit of a small-bore bullet that used the same parent case as the .308, and the .243 Winchester was released commercially in 1955.
Trijicon has announced the REAP-IR-50 thermal riflescope series, an all-new platform combining high-resolution thermal imaging, media capture, wireless connectivity and an available integrated laser rangefinder. The REAP-IR line has until now been offered with 24mm and 35mm objective lenses. The REAP-IR-50 steps up to 50mm, increasing the ability to collect more thermal energy from the scene.

Starting the well research…

by Commander Zero in Notes From The Bunker on 2026-10-02T17:54:14Z

Did you hear the joke about the three holes in the ground? No? Well, well, well….. One of the things on next years agenda is a well. Drilling a well, as I understand it, is like buying a lottery ticket … Continue reading →
LTT CEO Ernest Langdon says the ATD caught the team's attention because Steyr approached the DA/SA platform with a fresh perspective instead of simply updating an existing pistol. It gives LTT the chance to apply decades of experience with these systems to a platform built for where shooters are today.
HUXWRX Safety Co. has launched the FLOW 9 M, a lightweight modular suppressor designed to adapt across a range of compatible firearm platforms. It is built around short and long configurations, so shooters can prioritize compact handling or a full-length setup depending on the platform and the application.

Lima SIX Belt-Fed AR: ‘Merica In Every Sense Of The Word

by Steven Kuo in Recoil on 2026-10-02T14:44:55Z

Happiness is a belt-fed weapon, the Lima-SIX is making America's rifle even more 'Murican.

Silly Memes

by Pawpaw in PawPaw's House on 2026-10-02T14:36:39Z

 So I was watching this meme, asking how "country" this respondent might be.

Have you ever fired a shotgun?

Have you ever waded barefoot in a creek?

Have you ever used a slingshot?

Have you ever started a vehicle with a manual choke?

Have you ever taken ashes out of a wood stove?

Have you ever carved you initials in a tree?

Have you ever siphoned gas with a hose?

Have you ever split wood with an ax?

Have you ever eaten fried bologna?

Have you ever hanged laundry on a clothesline?

Nonsense.  Those questions don't determine "country".  I did all of that before I was age 12.  I wasn't reared in the country; I was reared in a subdivision. on the edge of town.  I raised my kids in the country, deep in the woods, and they also did all that before they were 12.

Lercker M53 Experimental .380 Italian SMG (or PDW?)

by Ian McCollum in Forgotten Weapons on 2026-10-02T13:27:26Z

Between 1952 and 1956 an Italian designer named Cesare Lercker from Bologna developed a series of pistols and submachine guns. He worked with Beretta, although it is unclear if he did the work at their [...]

The post Lercker M53 Experimental .380 Italian SMG (or PDW?) first appeared on Forgotten Weapons.

Quote of the Day Seven hours before the law was set to take effect, a federal judge late Wednesday blocked Connecticut’s new ban on the sale of “convertible pistols” that users can easily turn into hand-held machine guns firing 1,000 rounds per … Continue reading →
Welcome back to Front Line Friday. This week is an editorial, and the topic is the wave of drones, license plate readers, and other technology moving into patrol work, and what actually changes officer capability versus what just moves money around. Front Line Friday is brought to you by Dead Air Silencers , whose support keeps this column going every week.
In this Ascend episode, we meet the Mud Minnows and see why sometimes the best thing you catch on the water is the community that keeps bringing you back.

GUN RIGHTS POLICY CONFERENCE 2026

by Mas in on 2026-10-02T13:00:00Z

This year’s GRPC was one of the best ever. If you couldn’t make it to Dallas for the event, you can watch it on YouTube here and here.Highlights include Judge Benitez (known as “Saint Benitez” by gun rights advocates) and the current Trump administration-appointed head of ATF, who promises a new respect for Second Amendment […]

Handguns have been shown to be extremely effective at stopping bear attacks. This correspondent and colleagues have documented over 200 cases in North America where handguns were fired in defense against bears.  Handguns have been effective in about 98% of the cases. 

One objection to these findings is often stated this way: If a person is killed before the handgun is fired, you will not include the incident in your statistics, because the handgun was not fired. Fair enough. It is a limitation worth exploring. 

Wikipedia and others maintain a database of all the people who have been recorded as having been killed by bears in North America. It cannot include those who were killed by bears in pre-history. There is no reason to look for handgun incidents before the availability of cartridge handguns, about 1870. 

All the fatal bear attacks in North America which could be documented from 1870 on were examined by this correspondent.  From 1870 to present, there were 204. There was a single case where a handgun was present at the scene when the person was killed by a bear. This was the terrible case of Mark Uptain. He had a Glock Model 20 in a holster by his pack, without a round in the chamber. He was a professional guide processing an elk. The Glock was never fired because his client, who was able to access the handgun, did not know how to chamber a round. Mark Uptain was not able to access the Glock pistol. He was able to access a can of bear spray and was able to empty it. He was killed by the bear. 

Only one case out of over 200, and the handgun was not available to the victim. It was a remarkable finding.  

Everyone who has access to the Internet is welcome to check the Wikipedia listings and or any other documentation. Please let us know if you find any incident where a handgun was present when a bear killed a person in North America. The Uptain case is not included in our database of incidents where a handgun was fired in defense against a bear or bears. No weapon can be effective if it is not deployed. The difficulties of deploying handguns, bear spray, or other weapons are relatively similar. They can all be deployed in under two seconds with a little instruction and practice.

If a person does not have their defensive weapon on their person when they are attacked by a bear, the odds of a successful defense are greatly reduced. If they have practiced accessing their weapon and deploying it quickly, their odds of a successful defense are enhanced. The most recent defensive use of a handgun against a bear, by Lori Price near Skilak lake in Alaska, illustrated the advantage of practice. 

Modern handguns are extremely effective as defensive arms against both animal and human attackers. They are not magic talismans. The capabilities of modern handguns are greatly enhanced with practice and training. A single afternoon's training increases the capability of a defender enormously. Spending time training after that increases a defender's capability, with most gains being in the early stages. 

In today's society, much capability can be gained by practice with a laser simulator, or simply by dry firing (practice without live ammunition), or by practice in drawing a handgun from a holster while the handgun is not loaded. We are fortunate that ammunition is relatively cheap compared to a hundred years ago. 

If you are going to carry a handgun for defense, spend some time and practice drawing the handgun from a holster without any ammunition in the firearm. It costs you very little. An afternoon's practice will pay extreme dividends in capability and confidence. Instruction (often offered for free at local gun clubs) can help increase your ability to shoot accurately, in just a few hours. The more you do, the better you will become. Those first few hours are the most beneficial and the most cost effective. It can be a pleasant and interesting afternoon, well worth the effort.

 

©2026 by Dean Weingarten: Permission to share is granted when this notice and link are included.

Gun Watch
  

 

 

 

 

 

 


Pre-Weekend Meme Dump!

by Tam in View From The Porch on 2026-10-02T12:12:03Z




When officers arrived on scene, they said they found a man who was shot. IMPD said he was in stable condition.

Police said the shooter was a woman who was detained on scene, however, she was later released following consultation with the Marion County Prosecutor's Office because the man allegedly hit her with a car before she shot him.


More Here


TX: Houston - Smoke Shop Burglary ends with Shooting

by Dean Weingarten in GUN WATCH on 2026-10-02T11:58:42Z

A relative staying overnight at a North Harris County smoke shop shot one of two masked men he found looting the store, sending the wounded suspect stumbling across Ella Boulevard to a carwash begging for help while his accomplice vanished.

More Here


A man was detained after a shooting incident in Litchfield Park on Sunday, the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office said.

Around 1 a.m., deputies were sent to the scene near Camelback and El Mirage roads for reports of a shooting. According to officials, the complainant said his wife tried to attack him with a knife, so he shot her.

More Here


For our Sunday afternoon cocktails last weekend, I decided to make some Coffee Negronis. The coffee-flavored cocktail seemed particularly fitting for the cool afternoon.

The Coffee Negroni is based on a recipe from Anders Erickson.
Coffee Negroni
1 oz Dry Gin 
¾ oz Mr. Black Coffee Liqueur
¾ oz Campari
¼ oz Sweet Vermouth

Stir the ingredients with ice and serve up or over a large rock.
Express orange oil over the cocktail and discard the peel.
The cocktail has a darker, more roasted dimension than a classic Negroni. The Campari’s orange bitterness remains prominent, while the coffee adds espresso-like notes of roasted beans, dark chocolate, and a slight char. The roasted bitterness is nicely offset by the dark sweetness of the sweet vermouth, with everything accented by a bright citrus note. I took a small sip before expressing the orange oil, and that seemingly small addition made a noticeable difference, adding a fresh citrus note that brightened the entire drink.



I was also planning to enjoy an Espinosa Knuckle Sandwich Chef Special 2025 Toro, which seemed like it would be a natural accompaniment. The cigar came from a box I purchased in June 2025. It’s been a while since I’ve grabbed a stick from that box, and I’d been thinking about lighting another one for some time.

The Knuckle Sandwich line is the result of a collaboration between chef Guy Fieri and Erik Espinosa. The Chef’s Special edition is released annually. The 2025 version features a Brazilian Mata Fina wrapper over Nicaraguan binder and fillers, presented as a 6 x 55 box-pressed Toro. The wrapper feels dry in the hand, but every one I’ve smoked has performed flawlessly.

The cigar is full-bodied, with earthy spice and espresso predominating. Layers of dark chocolate and dark fruit sweetness provide some balance to the bitter coffee notes.



The pairing offered a nice overlap of espresso and dark chocolate, along with some welcome contrast. The bitterness of the Campari stood up to the cigar’s richness, while the sweet vermouth and coffee notes seemed to amplify the chocolate and espresso flavors coming from the cigar. The flavors were familiar without being repetitive. The Knuckle Sandwich and Coffee Negroni didn’t simply duplicate each other, but instead seemed to lift and complement one another.

I’ve enjoyed cigars from the Knuckle Sandwich lineup with various bourbons, ryes, and ales. This Coffee Negroni and Knuckle Sandwich pairing has me excited to trying similar cocktails with other cigars as we move into the cooler — and eventually cold — weather of the coming months. 

Cheers!


[ This content originated at Musings Over a Barrel ]

Weekend Knowledge Dump- October 2, 2026

by Greg Ellifritz in Active Response Training on 2026-10-02T10:59:01Z

Knowledge to make your life better.  If you have some free time, check out some of these links this weekend.   Teaching Your Brain to Look Through the Dot Jeff Gonzalez has some tips for better shooting with a pistol mounted optic.     The Biomechanical Reality of Incapacitation   In the last few knowledge […]

Phoning it in…

by Midwest Chick in Midwest Chick's Place on 2026-10-02T10:30:00Z

Ok, this is not the column I’ve been planning to write. But sometimes something so amazing happens, you’ve just got to write. I worked today and I asked a couple of co-workers what they knew about the attempted terrorist hijacking of the flyDubai airplane. Nothing. So I told them what I knew and both were … Continue reading Fly The Friendly Skies…AHHHHH….Whoa! How About Those Israelis?! →

Thoughts on the New Benelli M-2 G1

by Greg Ellifritz in Active Response Training on 2026-10-02T03:16:35Z

“I don’t need a new shotgun.”  “I don’t need a new shotgun.”  “I don’t need a new shotgun.”   That was my inner dialogue for three days as I was teaching and filming for “The Benelli Experience” at Range Ready a few weeks ago.     I should be perfectly content with my Beretta 1301, two […]

The 30 Year Search for the Army’s Squad Automatic Weapon

by Lynndon Schooler in The Firearm Blog on 2026-10-02T00:00:00Z

As the introduction of the SIG M250 potentially opens a new chapter in the U.S. Army's squad automatic weapon story, or more accurately, the GPMG role, it is worth looking back at the excitement around the M249 when it was adopted. The U.S. Army type-classified the M249 on February 1, 1982, filling a long-standing gap in U.S. squad-level firepower.

POTD: BFE+ Officers with H&K G36s and MP5s

by Eric B in The Firearm Blog on 2026-10-01T23:30:00Z

Everyone recognizes GSG 9. Fewer people have heard of the BFE+, the specialized unit that exists precisely to fill the gap between Germany's standard federal riot police and its famous counterterrorism unit. Officers don't arrive at the BFE+ directly. They first serve in a standard evidence-gathering and arrest unit, and only after proving themselves physically and personally qualified do they earn the additional certification needed to advance.
Welcome back to another edition of Concealed Carry Corner . Last week, we talked about the basics of finding the right optic for your carry gun. If you happened to miss that article, be sure to click the link here  to check it out. This week, I wanted to take a look at how the Glock 19 rose to the gold standard of the carry gun market. I am well aware this article spot is sponsored by Glock, but if you go into the comment section of any top carry gun article, you will always see random people continuously say the Glock 19 is the absolute best. How did we get to this point and is it still true? Let's take a closer look at how the Glock 19 became the standard.

Oops

by Pawpaw in PawPaw's House on 2026-10-01T19:26:33Z

 Are y'all seeing this bullshit about this woman in Tennessee who was supposed to be executed last night?  Something or someone botched the execution and she is in the hospital following the procedure.

I'm generally a proponent for the death penalty.  We have to make sure that the penalty is quick and effective.  Whatever happened last night in Tennessee was neither.  The follow-up investigation will be fun to follow.

Camera catches

by Commander Zero in Notes From The Bunker on 2026-10-01T19:22:56Z

Well, its gonna be a long weekend at the Beta Site, thats pretty much a guarantee. As you know, I installed some new cameras up at the Beta Site, but I left the old ones in place as well. More … Continue reading →

Shop Coming Together

by Clayton Cramer in Clayton Cramer. on 2026-10-01T19:19:30Z

There were some cabinets in the wall that I had not bothered to open. When I did, they were ugly dirty. So I cleaned them out (spider webs, dead spiders, spider egg sacks). A number of items that so not regularly get used (a fine sander for example) will go in there getting space on the workbenches for power tools.  All the hand tools are now on pegboards. There is still some organizing needed.  

I have out together two of the Losmandy mounts and put the 5" refractor on one of them. The box collection that looked like a student film project version of the last scene in Raiders of the Lost Ark is largely gone 

Banish Unveils Dedicated Competition Silencer

by Daniel Y in The Firearm Blog on 2026-10-01T18:00:00Z

6.5mm shooters have something to celebrate. The COMP 6.5 series  of suppressors is optimized for competition use. They are in stock and ready to order today.
Over the past few years, marketing has been one of the flashpoints of legal battles in the firearms world. In 2022, Bushmaster’s militaristic advertising was one of the sticking points in the Sandy Hook lawsuits that saw Remington forced to pay $73M in a lawsuit. However, the SAF says that’s unfair, and in the Daniel Defense v. Lowy case, they say a manufacturer’s advertising shouldn’t be held responsible for a third party’s actions. Quoting from the SAF’s press release describing their legal intervention:

Skin Graft Graft (Or Is That Skin Graft Squared?)

by Clayton Cramer in Clayton Cramer. on 2026-10-01T15:40:17Z

 The report from the Trump Administration is old news but the prosecutions below are not. 7/8/26 Fox News:

FIRST ON FOX: The Trump administration revealed new figures that show a drastic 7,100% spike in Medicare claims for skin substitutes in just six years as the task force led by Vice President JD Vance continues to crack down on fraud across the country.

The staggering increase in claims occurred between 2019 and 2025, surging from $200 million to $14.4 billion, prompting the anti-fraud task force and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to identify potentially fraudulent claims and deny 96% of claims made since March.

The CMS, which is led by Administrator Mehmet Oz, identified 4,200 suspicious claims for skin substitutes, known as allografts, totaling $224 million in charges through May of this year.

"That's a lot of money," Oz said during a press conference in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on Wednesday. "And that bankrupts not just hospital systems and physician groups, but it causes major problems across the entire landscape."

The agency also found alleged fraudulent claims for Durable Medical Equipment (DME), which includes wheelchairs, walkers, hospital beds and other essential equipment. The agency says that payments have been suspended to 102 suppliers and revoked billing privileges for an additional 725 suppliers.

"In just six months, the task force has effectively wiped out Durable Medical Equipment fraud in America," a spokesperson for Vance’s office told Fox News Digital. "After the vice president and Dr. Oz announced a moratorium on new DME companies, paired with aggressive enforcement actions by DOJ and HHS, this kind of fraud has effectively ended."

The suppliers who were suspected of fraud and had payments suspended represented 8.6% of all Medicare-funded Durable Medical Equipment in 2025.

That is not a small problem: 8.6%. So where are the prosecutions? 7/1/26 Las Vegas channel 3:

LAS VEGAS (KSNV) — A Las Vegas nurse practitioner has been indicted in federal court in Houston, accused of ordering unnecessary skin grafts for hospice patients who were already close to death.

Prosecutors allege the procedures were performed on patients who did not need them and that some of those patients died within days of the grafts. Authorities also allege $297 million in payouts tied to the scheme went toward luxury purchases and projects, including a Ferrari, an $865,000 necklace and a resort under construction in the Philippines.

If a patient is a few days from death, this makes even less sense than unneeded grafts for those who are going to live.

4/28/26 Los Angeles Times:

Federal prosecutors seized more than $2 million from a Pasadena wound-care clinic bank account “suspected of scamming millions of dollars from Medicare” through reimbursements for skin grafts that patients allegedly never received, federal officials announced Tuesday.

Working with Department of Homeland Security Investigations, First Assistant U.S. Atty. Bill Essayli revealed that Expert Wound Care, which does business as St. Victoria Home Health Care, is the target of a federal inquiry. The Pasadena-based clinic is accused of fraud, according to a seizure warrant affidavit that federal prosecutors filed Monday and that a federal magistrate in Los Angeles approved.

The clinic received more than $34 million in federal payouts, with claims involving a single patient totaling more than $6 million, according to a U.S. Secret Service agent affidavit in the investigation. Expert Wound Care and its principals could be immediately reached for comment on Tuesday. 

 

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Life is short, add some Sci-Fi flair to your boring AR. If you grew up in the '80s, this is for you.

KUGS Introduces Bipods For SIG 550 Rifles

by Hrachya H in The Firearm Blog on 2026-10-01T15:00:00Z

Swiss small arms and accessories manufacturer KUGS  has introduced a new bipod line for the SIG 550 series of rifles. The KUGS bipods  are designed to provide greater stability, which is primarily achieved by increasing the leg angle from the standard 60 degrees to 90 degrees.
More TFB Behind the Gun Podcast Episodes:
Quote of the Day The biggest thing I’ve learned is to ask: Do our detectives have every available resource to investigate and make an arrest? We have reached more than a 90 percent clearance rate. That means if you kill … Continue reading →
To help spread the word during Breast Health Awareness Month, we are sharing this article from Casting for Recovery.

You guys are a bunch of nerds

by Borepatch in Borepatch on 2026-10-01T12:59:42Z

The comments to yesterday's post were simply hilarious.  I clearly am not the only nerrd around here.

Oh, and Rick T - sometime I will have to tell you about watching a guy install a vampire tap but forgetting to use the spacer while drilling into the cable.  Drilled right through the center wire ...

Tab Clearing...

by Tam in View From The Porch on 2026-10-01T12:42:18Z


.

CA: San Francisco - Intruder is shot, Wounded, Leaves Dog Behind

by Dean Weingarten in GUN WATCH on 2026-10-01T11:37:47Z

The Army vet said he suffered minor scrapes to his hands and knees during the physical confrontation with the intruder. He said he fired one shot at the suspected burglar.

"I believe I hit him somewhere here, somewhere in the buttocks," he said.

The man ran off. Blood-stained shoe prints outside the home showed the suspect running toward Golden Gate Park, leaving his dog behind.

In a neighbor's security video obtained by CBS News San Francisco, the abandoned dog could be heard repeatedly barking.


More Here


TX: Pampa - Man Forces way Into Home, is Shot, Killed

by Dean Weingarten in GUN WATCH on 2026-10-01T11:34:23Z

After investigating, PPD discovered that the residents knew the man and reported that he arrived uninvited and forced his way inside. PPD said, “Fearing for their safety, one of the occupants inside the home obtained a handgun and fired at the subject.”

PPD said officers and other emergency personnel on scene began treating the man’s injuries before transporting him to Pampa Regional Medical Center. He was then transferred to a hospital in Amarillo in critical condition, where he later died from his injuries.


More Here


Thursday’s Almost the Weekend Meme Drop 10-1-26

by Midwest Chick in Midwest Chick's Place on 2026-10-01T10:30:00Z

Demetrio Daga will be sentenced later this month.

What happened? Or rather, what did NOT happen?

by TPOL Nathan in The Price of Liberty on 2026-10-01T01:00:00Z

On 31 January 2025, just a few days after The Donald took office for his second term and nominated his various cabinet officers, this graphic was published by some MAGA/MAHA types. People worried about the overall state of “health care” … Continue reading →

TFB Review: Springfield Armory 1911 TRP COA .45 ACP

by Adam Scepaniak in The Firearm Blog on 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z

When you envision “bulletproof” firearms your mind might immediately leap to something steel, forged for strength, and with countless years of experience. We’re talking millions of guns made and billions of rounds fired through them. That firearm is the Model 1911. I can hear the two World War jokes coming from the peanut gallery already. Yet, without the timeless Model 1911, we don’t get the legendary TRP (Tactical Response Pistol) or the tricked, modern version that is the 2011. Next, if you want to tie in a bulletproof optic, most people would argue for something like an enclosed emitter red dot, or more specifically, the increasingly-popular Aimpoint COA . So, if we want to make ourselves a bulletproof combo, the logical combination is the Springfield Armory TRP  topped off with an Aimpoint COA , and that is exactly what we are going to be reviewing here today. Let’s dive in!
Ok, this is big and thoughtful. This TFB Photo of the Day pairs an 1870 canvas with its modern answer. Alphonse de Neuville's "Les Dernières Cartouches" captured French marine and artillery troops making their final stand inside the Bourgerie inn during the Battle of Bazeilles, fought August 31 and September 1, 1870, as far larger Bavarian forces closed in. Outnumbered and running low on ammunition, the soldiers held the position until the cartridges ran out. More than a century later, the French Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment restaged the same composition, swapping period rifles for modern carbines and turning a rubble-strewn room into a near shot-for-shot recreation, right down to the wounded man propped against the wall.
North American Arms’ revolvers are very well-known for their ability to offer self-defense in a micro package. Not everyone wants to stake their life on a rimfire round, but sometimes you’ve got no other choice. I remember reading about one undercover narcotics cop who hauled an NAA revolver to beachside meet-ups hidden away in a soft drink cup, because that’s all they could bring for a SHTF scenario. Other owners will tell you similar stories. There’s no smaller, more discreet firepower available.

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